COMPLETE TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY OF INDIA FOR SSC QUICK REVISION

COMPLETE TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY OF INDIA FOR SSC QUICK REVISION

Event	Year	Key Figures	Causes, Impact & Important Happenings	Outcomes
Revolt of 1857 (First War of Independence)	1857	Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Nana Sahib	- Sepoy mutiny due to greased cartridges - Political, economic, and religious grievances - Widespread anti-British uprising	- Failed revolt - End of East India Company rule - British Crown took direct control in 1858
Queen’s Proclamation	1858	Queen Victoria, Lord Canning	British Government took over Indian administration from East India Company	Promised non-interference in religion, rights of princes, equality before law
Formation of Indian National Congress (INC)	1885	A.O. Hume, W.C. Bannerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji	Created as an all-India political platform	Marked beginning of political nationalism
Partition of Bengal	1905	Lord Curzon, Rabindranath Tagore (protest)	Divide Bengal on religious lines; “Divide and rule” strategy	Sparked Swadeshi Movement and mass protests; annulled in 1911
Surat Split	1907	Tilak, Lajpat Rai (Extremists), Gokhale (Moderates)	Dispute over Congress leadership and ideology	INC split into Moderates and Extremists
Formation of Muslim League	1906	Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah	Muslims feared Hindu domination in INC	League demanded separate representation
Morley-Minto Reforms	1909	Lord Morley, Lord Minto	Reforms due to rising nationalism	Introduced separate electorates for Muslims
Home Rule Movement	1916	Tilak, Annie Besant	Inspired by Irish Home Rule; demand for self-government	Spread political awareness, gained wide support
Lucknow Pact	1916	INC (Tilak), Muslim League (Jinnah)	Need for Hindu-Muslim unity against British	Joint demand for reforms; INC accepted separate electorates
August Declaration	1917	Edwin Montagu, Lord Chelmsford	British promised gradual self-government	Led to Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919
INC Calcutta Session	1917	Annie Besant (President)	Demand for Home Rule; first woman president of INC	Strengthened Congress; return of extremists
Jallianwala Bagh Massacre	1919	General Dyer	Protest against Rowlatt Act; peaceful gathering fired upon	Massacre of 1000+ Indians; led to intense anger, Gandhi’s rise
Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms / Govt of India Act	1919	Edwin Montagu	Post-WWI reforms promised in 1917	Introduced diarchy in provinces; limited reforms
Non-Cooperation Movement	1920–1922	Mahatma Gandhi, C.R. Das, Ali Brothers	Jallianwala Bagh, Rowlatt Act, Khilafat issue	Movement withdrawn after Chauri Chaura incident (1922)
Chauri Chaura Incident	1922	Local villagers	Protesters burned police station, killing 22 policemen	Gandhi called off Non-Cooperation Movement
Simon Commission	1927–28	John Simon (Chair), Lala Lajpat Rai (protest)	All British members; no Indians	Boycotted by all parties; "Simon Go Back" slogan; led to Nehru Report
Nehru Report	1928	Motilal Nehru, Subhas Bose	Indians wanted to frame their own constitution	Demanded Dominion Status, rejected separate electorates
Lahore Session of INC	1929	Jawaharlal Nehru	INC demanded Purna Swaraj (complete independence)	26 January 1930 celebrated as first Independence Day
Civil Disobedience Movement (Phase 1)	1930–1931	Gandhi, Nehru, Sardar Patel	Salt March (Dandi); breaking Salt Law	Nationwide movement; led to Gandhi-Irwin Pact
First Round Table Conference	1930	Ramsay MacDonald, Dr. Ambedkar (Depressed Classes)	Discuss India’s future; INC boycotted	No major outcome; led to Gandhi-Irwin Pact
Gandhi-Irwin Pact	1931	Mahatma Gandhi, Lord Irwin	Truce between Congress and British	Gandhi attended Second Round Table Conference
Second Round Table Conference	1931	Gandhi (INC), Ambedkar, Aga Khan	Discuss minority rights	No consensus; Gandhi returned disappointed
Third Round Table Conference	1932	British officials, Princes	INC boycotted again	Basis for Govt of India Act 1935
Communal Award	1932	Ramsay MacDonald	Separate electorates extended to Depressed Classes	Gandhi protested; led to Poona Pact
Poona Pact	1932	Gandhi, Dr. Ambedkar	Gandhi’s fast against separate electorates	Separate electorates scrapped; reserved seats for Depressed Classes in general electorate
Government of India Act	1935	British Parliament	Response to previous conferences & nationalist demand	Provincial autonomy, diarchy at centre, separate electorates continued
Elections under 1935 Act	1937	Congress, Muslim League	Elections held in 11 provinces	Congress won 8 provinces; League performed poorly
World War II and Congress Resignation	1939	Viceroy Linlithgow, Nehru	India dragged into WWII without consultation	Congress ministries resigned; League celebrated Deliverance Day
August Offer	1940	Viceroy Linlithgow	British attempt to pacify Indians during WWII	Rejected by Congress; no promise of constituent assembly
Individual Satyagraha	1940–1941	Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, Jawaharlal Nehru	Test non-violent protest during war	Many arrested; minor movement
Cripps Mission	1942	Stafford Cripps	British offered dominion status after WWII	Rejected by Congress; lacked real power-sharing
Quit India Movement	1942	Gandhi, Nehru, Patel	“Do or Die” call after Cripps Mission failure	Brutal repression; thousands jailed; underground movement
INA & Subhas Chandra Bose	1943–45	Subhas Chandra Bose	Formed Azad Hind Fauj with Japanese support	Inspired nationalism; INA trials led to public sympathy
Wavell Plan & Shimla Conference	1945	Lord Wavell, Congress & Muslim League	Attempt to form interim government	Failed due to League-Congress disagreement
Cabinet Mission Plan	1946	Cripps, Alexander, Pethick-Lawrence	Offer of united India with federal structure	Rejected by League; led to announcement of partition
Direct Action Day	16 August 1946	Jinnah, Muslim League	League demanded Pakistan; call for mass protest	Calcutta Riots; thousands killed; deepened communal divide
Mountbatten Plan	3 June 1947	Lord Mountbatten, Nehru, Jinnah	Final plan for partition and independence	Agreed to create India and Pakistan
Indian Independence Act	July 18, 1947	British Parliament	Legal framework for transfer of power	India became independent on 15 August 1947; Pakistan on 14 August

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