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COMPLETE TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY OF INDIA FOR SSC QUICK REVISION



COMPLETE TIMELINE OF MODERN HISTORY OF INDIA FOR SSC QUICK REVISION


Event

Year

Key Figures

Causes, Impact & Important Happenings

Outcomes

Revolt of 1857 (First War of Independence)

1857

Mangal Pandey, Rani Lakshmibai, Bahadur Shah Zafar, Nana Sahib

- Sepoy mutiny due to greased cartridges - Political, economic, and religious grievances - Widespread anti-British uprising

- Failed revolt - End of East India Company rule - British Crown took direct control in 1858

Queen’s Proclamation

1858

Queen Victoria, Lord Canning

British Government took over Indian administration from East India Company

Promised non-interference in religion, rights of princes, equality before law

Formation of Indian National Congress (INC)

1885

A.O. Hume, W.C. Bannerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji

Created as an all-India political platform

Marked beginning of political nationalism

Partition of Bengal

1905

Lord Curzon, Rabindranath Tagore (protest)

Divide Bengal on religious lines; “Divide and rule” strategy

Sparked Swadeshi Movement and mass protests; annulled in 1911

Surat Split

1907

Tilak, Lajpat Rai (Extremists), Gokhale (Moderates)

Dispute over Congress leadership and ideology

INC split into Moderates and Extremists

Formation of Muslim League

1906

Aga Khan, Nawab Salimullah

Muslims feared Hindu domination in INC

League demanded separate representation

Morley-Minto Reforms

1909

Lord Morley, Lord Minto

Reforms due to rising nationalism

Introduced separate electorates for Muslims

Home Rule Movement

1916

Tilak, Annie Besant

Inspired by Irish Home Rule; demand for self-government

Spread political awareness, gained wide support

Lucknow Pact

1916

INC (Tilak), Muslim League (Jinnah)

Need for Hindu-Muslim unity against British

Joint demand for reforms; INC accepted separate electorates

August Declaration

1917

Edwin Montagu, Lord Chelmsford

British promised gradual self-government

Led to Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms 1919

INC Calcutta Session

1917

Annie Besant (President)

Demand for Home Rule; first woman president of INC

Strengthened Congress; return of extremists

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre

1919

General Dyer

Protest against Rowlatt Act; peaceful gathering fired upon

Massacre of 1000+ Indians; led to intense anger, Gandhi’s rise

Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms / Govt of India Act

1919

Edwin Montagu

Post-WWI reforms promised in 1917

Introduced diarchy in provinces; limited reforms

Non-Cooperation Movement

1920–1922

Mahatma Gandhi, C.R. Das, Ali Brothers

Jallianwala Bagh, Rowlatt Act, Khilafat issue

Movement withdrawn after Chauri Chaura incident (1922)

Chauri Chaura Incident

1922

Local villagers

Protesters burned police station, killing 22 policemen

Gandhi called off Non-Cooperation Movement

Simon Commission

1927–28

John Simon (Chair), Lala Lajpat Rai (protest)

All British members; no Indians

Boycotted by all parties; "Simon Go Back" slogan; led to Nehru Report

Nehru Report

1928

Motilal Nehru, Subhas Bose

Indians wanted to frame their own constitution

Demanded Dominion Status, rejected separate electorates

Lahore Session of INC

1929

Jawaharlal Nehru

INC demanded Purna Swaraj (complete independence)

26 January 1930 celebrated as first Independence Day

Civil Disobedience Movement (Phase 1)

1930–1931

Gandhi, Nehru, Sardar Patel

Salt March (Dandi); breaking Salt Law

Nationwide movement; led to Gandhi-Irwin Pact

First Round Table Conference

1930

Ramsay MacDonald, Dr. Ambedkar (Depressed Classes)

Discuss India’s future; INC boycotted

No major outcome; led to Gandhi-Irwin Pact

Gandhi-Irwin Pact

1931

Mahatma Gandhi, Lord Irwin

Truce between Congress and British

Gandhi attended Second Round Table Conference

Second Round Table Conference

1931

Gandhi (INC), Ambedkar, Aga Khan

Discuss minority rights

No consensus; Gandhi returned disappointed

Third Round Table Conference

1932

British officials, Princes

INC boycotted again

Basis for Govt of India Act 1935

Communal Award

1932

Ramsay MacDonald

Separate electorates extended to Depressed Classes

Gandhi protested; led to Poona Pact

Poona Pact

1932

Gandhi, Dr. Ambedkar

Gandhi’s fast against separate electorates

Separate electorates scrapped; reserved seats for Depressed Classes in general electorate

Government of India Act

1935

British Parliament

Response to previous conferences & nationalist demand

Provincial autonomy, diarchy at centre, separate electorates continued

Elections under 1935 Act

1937

Congress, Muslim League

Elections held in 11 provinces

Congress won 8 provinces; League performed poorly

World War II and Congress Resignation

1939

Viceroy Linlithgow, Nehru

India dragged into WWII without consultation

Congress ministries resigned; League celebrated Deliverance Day

August Offer

1940

Viceroy Linlithgow

British attempt to pacify Indians during WWII

Rejected by Congress; no promise of constituent assembly

Individual Satyagraha

1940–1941

Gandhi, Vinoba Bhave, Jawaharlal Nehru

Test non-violent protest during war

Many arrested; minor movement

Cripps Mission

1942

Stafford Cripps

British offered dominion status after WWII

Rejected by Congress; lacked real power-sharing

Quit India Movement

1942

Gandhi, Nehru, Patel

“Do or Die” call after Cripps Mission failure

Brutal repression; thousands jailed; underground movement

INA & Subhas Chandra Bose

1943–45

Subhas Chandra Bose

Formed Azad Hind Fauj with Japanese support

Inspired nationalism; INA trials led to public sympathy

Wavell Plan & Shimla Conference

1945

Lord Wavell, Congress & Muslim League

Attempt to form interim government

Failed due to League-Congress disagreement

Cabinet Mission Plan

1946

Cripps, Alexander, Pethick-Lawrence

Offer of united India with federal structure

Rejected by League; led to announcement of partition

Direct Action Day

16 August 1946

Jinnah, Muslim League

League demanded Pakistan; call for mass protest

Calcutta Riots; thousands killed; deepened communal divide

Mountbatten Plan

3 June 1947

Lord Mountbatten, Nehru, Jinnah

Final plan for partition and independence

Agreed to create India and Pakistan

Indian Independence Act

July 18, 1947

British Parliament

Legal framework for transfer of power

India became independent on 15 August 1947; Pakistan on 14 August


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